:root {
  --paper: #e7e9ee;
  --paper-alt: #f3f4f6;
  --white: #ffffff;
  --navy: #536878;
  --navy-deep: #252932;
  --ink: #252932;
  --muted: #657a6e;
  --pine: #657a6e;
  --rust: #8d7fa8;
  --line: rgba(37, 41, 50, .16);
  --serif: "Noto Serif TC", "Source Han Serif TC", "Songti TC", "PMingLiU", serif;
  --sans: "Noto Sans TC", "PingFang TC", "Microsoft JhengHei", sans-serif;
  --shell: min(1180px, calc(100% - 56px));
}

* { box-sizing: border-box; }
html { scroll-behavior: smooth; }
[id] { scroll-margin-top: 90px; }
body {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--ink);
  background: var(--paper);
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 16px;
  line-height: 1.8;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
}
img { display: block; max-width: 100%; }
a { color: inherit; text-decoration: none; }
button { color: inherit; font: inherit; }
.shell { width: var(--shell); margin-inline: auto; }
.sr-only {
  position: absolute; width: 1px; height: 1px; padding: 0; margin: -1px;
  overflow: hidden; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); white-space: nowrap; border: 0;
}
.skip-link {
  position: fixed; left: 112px; top: -100px; z-index: 1000;
  padding: 10px 16px; color: #fff; background: var(--pine);
}
.skip-link:focus { top: 18px; }
:focus-visible { outline: 3px solid var(--rust); outline-offset: 4px; }

.site-header {
  position: fixed; inset: 0 0 auto; z-index: 100;
  min-height: 90px; background: rgba(231, 233, 238, .96);
  border-bottom: 1px solid transparent; transition: border-color .2s ease;
}
.site-header::before {
  content: ""; position: absolute; inset: 0 auto 0 0; width: 92px; background: var(--navy);
}
.site-header.scrolled { border-color: var(--line); backdrop-filter: blur(12px); }
.reading-progress {
  position: absolute; left: 92px; right: 0; bottom: -1px; height: 2px;
  background: var(--rust); transform: scaleX(var(--read-progress, 0));
  transform-origin: left; transition: transform .12s linear;
}
.header-inner {
  width: auto; min-height: 90px; margin: 0 6vw 0 136px;
  display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; gap: 42px;
}
.wordmark { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 18px; line-height: 1; }
.wordmark-zh {
  margin: 0; font-family: var(--serif); font-size: 26px; font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: .16em; white-space: nowrap;
}
.wordmark-en {
  margin: 0; padding-left: 18px; border-left: 1px solid var(--line);
  color: var(--muted); font-size: 9px; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: .18em; white-space: nowrap;
}
.primary-nav { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: clamp(24px, 3.3vw, 48px); font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600; }
.primary-nav a { position: relative; padding: 11px 0; white-space: nowrap; }
.primary-nav a::after {
  content: ""; position: absolute; left: 0; right: 100%; bottom: 4px;
  height: 2px; background: var(--navy); transition: right .2s ease;
}
.primary-nav a:hover::after, .primary-nav a:focus-visible::after, .primary-nav a[aria-current="page"]::after { right: 0; }
.menu-toggle { display: none; width: 44px; height: 44px; padding: 10px; border: 0; background: transparent; cursor: pointer; }
.menu-toggle span:not(.sr-only) { display: block; height: 1px; margin: 7px 0; background: var(--ink); transition: transform .2s ease; }

.hero { position: relative; min-height: min(100vh, 1058px); overflow: hidden; background: var(--paper); }
.hero-rail {
  position: fixed; z-index: 99; inset: 0 auto 0 0; width: 92px;
  display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: center; padding: 175px 0 28px;
  color: rgba(255,255,255,.65); background: var(--navy);
}
.hero-rail a {
  display: grid; width: 100%; min-height: 66px; place-items: center;
  font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: .08em; transition: color .2s ease;
}
.hero-rail a:hover { color: #fff; }
.hero-rail .active { position: relative; color: var(--rust); font-weight: 700; }
.hero-rail .active::after { content: ""; position: absolute; left: 34px; bottom: 9px; width: 24px; height: 2px; background: var(--rust); }
.rail-line { position: relative; width: 1px; height: 195px; margin: 14px 0; overflow: hidden; background: rgba(255,255,255,.28); }
.rail-line span {
  display: block; width: 2px; height: 100%; background: var(--rust);
  transform: scaleY(var(--rail-progress, 0)); transform-origin: top; transition: transform .25s ease-out;
}
.hero-rail > i { margin-top: auto; color: rgba(255,255,255,.72); font-size: 24px; }
.hero-stage {
  width: calc(100vw - 92px);
  min-height: min(100vh, 1058px); margin-left: 92px; padding-top: 90px;
  display: grid; grid-template-columns: 52% 48%; grid-template-rows: minmax(585px, 1fr) auto;
}
.hero-copy {
  grid-column: 1; grid-row: 1; align-self: start;
  max-width: 650px; padding: 110px 24px 28px 64px;
}
.eyebrow {
  margin: 0 0 20px; color: var(--rust);
  font-size: 10px; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: .22em; text-transform: uppercase;
}
.hero h1 {
  margin: 0; color: var(--navy); font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: clamp(92px, 9.2vw, 138px); font-weight: 600; line-height: 1; letter-spacing: .06em;
}
.hero-role {
  margin: 32px 0 0; padding-bottom: 24px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(37,41,50,.34);
  max-width: 374px;
  font-family: var(--serif); font-size: clamp(25px, 2.55vw, 38px); font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.55; letter-spacing: .13em;
}
.hero-role-en {
  margin: 20px 0 0; color: var(--navy); font-family: Georgia, serif;
  font-size: 14px; font-style: italic; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.65; letter-spacing: .03em;
}
.hero-lead { max-width: 560px; margin: 30px 0 0; color: var(--muted); font-size: 15px; line-height: 2; }
.hero-lead span { display: block; white-space: nowrap; }
.hero-actions { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 34px; margin-top: 30px; }
.button {
  display: inline-flex; min-width: 244px; min-height: 62px; align-items: center; justify-content: center;
  gap: 34px; padding: 13px 28px; cursor: pointer; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: .06em; transition: background .2s ease, color .2s ease;
}
.button-primary { color: #fff; background: var(--pine); }
.button-primary:hover { background: var(--navy); }
.text-link { display: inline-block; color: var(--pine); border-bottom: 1px solid currentColor; font-size: 13px; font-weight: 600; }
.hero-portrait {
  grid-column: 2; grid-row: 1 / 3; position: relative; align-self: end; justify-self: stretch;
  width: 100%; min-height: 0; height: calc(min(100vh, 1058px) - 90px); margin: 0; overflow: hidden;
  display: flex; align-items: flex-end; justify-content: flex-end; background: transparent; isolation: isolate;
}
.hero-portrait::before {
  content: ""; position: absolute; z-index: 0; inset: 0;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, #536878 0%, #657a6e 34%, #8d7fa8 68%, #252932 100%);
  opacity: .6;
}
.hero-portrait img {
  position: relative; z-index: 1;
  width: min(100%, 690px); height: 100%; max-width: none;
  object-fit: contain; object-position: 100% 100%; flex: 0 0 auto;
  transform: translateX(-5.6vw);
  filter: drop-shadow(-18px 18px 28px rgba(37,41,50,.16));
}
.hero-portrait figcaption {
  display: none;
}
.hero-research {
  grid-column: 1; grid-row: 2; margin: 0 24px 36px 64px; overflow: hidden;
  display: grid; grid-template-columns: 120px repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr)); align-items: stretch;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}
.hero-research > p {
  margin: 0; padding: 17px 16px 14px 0; color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 12px; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: .08em;
}
.hero-research a {
  position: relative; min-height: 170px; padding: 20px 6px; border-left: 1px solid var(--line);
  min-width: 0;
  display: flex; flex-direction: column; justify-content: center; align-items: flex-start; gap: 5px;
  color: var(--pine); transition: background .2s ease;
}
.hero-research a:hover { background: rgba(83,104,120,.08); }
.hero-research b { display: none; }
.hero-research i { margin-bottom: 7px; font-size: 31px; }
.hero-research .hero-card-icon {
  position: relative; width: 60px; height: 60px; margin-bottom: 7px;
  display: grid; place-items: center; color: var(--navy);
  border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: 50%;
}
.hero-research .hero-card-icon > i { margin: 0; color: inherit; font-size: 31px; }
.hero-research .hero-card-icon > .icon-accent {
  position: absolute; right: -4px; bottom: 2px; padding: 2px;
  color: var(--accent-gold, #c49a4a); background: #fff; font-size: 18px;
}
.hero-research strong { color: var(--ink); font-family: var(--serif); font-size: 15px; font-weight: 600; white-space: nowrap; }
.hero-research small { color: var(--muted); font-size: 9px; letter-spacing: 0; white-space: nowrap; }

.section { position: relative; display: flow-root; padding: 120px 0; }
.section-arrival {
  width: var(--shell); margin: -72px auto 64px; padding: 15px 0 13px;
  display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 13px; border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
  color: var(--rust); font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: .17em;
  opacity: 0; transform: translateY(18px); transition: opacity .55s ease, transform .55s ease;
}
.section-arrival i { color: var(--pine); font-size: 16px; }
.page-section.section-in-view .section-arrival { opacity: 1; transform: none; }
.section-heading h2 {
  margin: 0; color: var(--navy); font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: clamp(38px, 4.5vw, 60px); font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.35; letter-spacing: .035em; text-wrap: balance;
}
.section-heading > p:last-child { max-width: 480px; color: var(--muted); }
.section-heading.horizontal {
  display: flex; align-items: end; justify-content: space-between; gap: 50px; margin-bottom: 52px;
  padding-bottom: 28px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}
.section-heading.horizontal .eyebrow { margin-bottom: 9px; }
.section-heading.horizontal > p { max-width: 410px; margin: 0 0 5px; color: var(--muted); }
.split-layout { display: grid; grid-template-columns: .82fr 1.18fr; gap: clamp(65px, 9vw, 130px); }
.about { background: var(--white); }
.about .split-layout { grid-template-columns: minmax(450px, .92fr) 1.08fr; gap: clamp(60px, 7vw, 90px); }
.about-title { font-size: clamp(39px, 3.7vw, 51px) !important; letter-spacing: .02em !important; }
.about-title span { display: block; white-space: nowrap; }
.prose { max-width: 680px; }
.prose p { color: var(--navy); }
.prose .lede { margin-top: 0; color: var(--ink); font-family: var(--serif); font-size: 23px; line-height: 1.8; }
.fact-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); margin: 42px 0 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }
.fact-grid div { padding: 17px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
.fact-grid dt { color: var(--muted); font-size: 11px; letter-spacing: .1em; }
.fact-grid dd { margin: 3px 0 0; color: var(--navy); font-family: var(--serif); font-size: 20px; }

.research { color: var(--ink); background: var(--paper-alt); }
.research .eyebrow { color: var(--rust); }
.research .section-heading > p { color: var(--muted); }
.research-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr); border-top: 1px solid var(--line); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
.research-card { min-height: 310px; padding: 28px 26px; border-right: 1px solid var(--line); }
.research-card:last-child { border-right: 0; }
.research-card > span { color: var(--rust); font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 11px; }
.research-icon { display: block; margin: 46px 0 24px; color: var(--pine); font-size: 43px; font-style: normal; }
.research-card h3 { margin: 0 0 15px; color: var(--navy); font-family: var(--serif); font-size: 23px; font-weight: 600; text-wrap: balance; }
.research-card p { margin: 0; color: var(--muted); font-size: 13px; }

.education { background: var(--white); }
.education-symbol {
  margin: 48px 0 0; padding: 0;
  display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 24px;
  color: var(--navy); background: transparent; border: 0; text-align: left;
}
.education-symbol > i { color: var(--pine); font-size: 68px; }
.education-symbol div { display: grid; gap: 7px; }
.education-symbol strong { font-family: var(--serif); font-size: 24px; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: .08em; }
.education-symbol span { color: var(--muted); font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: .08em; }
.education-list { align-self: start; list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }
.education-list li { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 55px 1fr; gap: 20px; padding: 28px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
.education-list li > span { color: var(--rust); font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 11px; }
.education-list h3 { margin: 0; color: var(--navy); font-family: var(--serif); font-size: 22px; }
.education-list p { margin: 2px 0 0; color: var(--muted); }

.career { background: var(--paper); }
.timeline { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 12px 0 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }
.timeline li { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 150px 70px 1fr; min-height: 174px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
.timeline time { padding-top: 36px; color: var(--rust); font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 18px; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: .03em; }
.timeline-marker { position: relative; border-left: 1px solid rgba(37,41,50,.28); }
.timeline-marker i {
  position: absolute; top: 26px; left: -25px; width: 50px; height: 50px;
  display: grid; place-items: center; color: var(--pine); background: var(--paper);
  border: 1px solid rgba(37,41,50,.28); font-size: 24px;
}
.timeline-story { margin: 18px 0; padding: 25px 30px; background: #f0f1f3; border-left: 3px solid transparent; transition: transform .25s ease, border-color .25s ease; }
.timeline li:hover .timeline-story { transform: translateX(5px); border-left-color: var(--pine); }
.timeline li.is-current .timeline-story { border-left-color: var(--rust); }
.timeline li.is-current .timeline-marker i { color: #fff; background: var(--pine); border-color: var(--pine); }
.timeline-story > span { color: var(--rust); font-family: var(--serif); font-size: 17px; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: .07em; }
.timeline h3 { margin: 6px 0 0; color: var(--navy); font-family: Georgia, var(--serif); font-size: 17px; font-weight: 500; }
.timeline .role { margin: 3px 0 9px; color: var(--pine); font-size: 10px; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: .08em; text-transform: uppercase; }
.timeline-story > p:last-child { margin: 0; color: var(--muted); }

.international { background: var(--white); }
.international-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(400px, .85fr) 1.15fr; gap: clamp(60px, 7vw, 90px); }
.international .section-heading h2 { font-size: clamp(38px, 3.8vw, 50px); white-space: nowrap; }
.international-lists { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; gap: 48px; }
.international-lists h3 { margin: 0 0 16px; color: var(--rust); font-size: 11px; letter-spacing: .14em; }
.international-lists ul { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }
.international-lists li { padding: 14px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); font-family: Georgia, var(--serif); font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5; }
.international-lists li span { display: block; margin-top: 5px; color: var(--muted); font-family: var(--sans); font-size: 11px; }

.statement { padding: 125px 0; color: #fff; background: var(--navy); }
.statement .shell { max-width: 1120px; text-align: center; }
.statement .eyebrow { color: var(--rust); }
.statement blockquote { margin: 0; font-family: var(--serif); font-size: clamp(31px, 3.8vw, 50px); font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.6; letter-spacing: .01em; text-wrap: balance; }
.statement blockquote span { display: block; }
.statement p:last-child { max-width: 720px; margin: 30px auto 0; color: rgba(255,255,255,.66); }

.initiative { background: var(--paper); }
.feature-card { display: grid; grid-template-columns: .84fr 1.16fr; align-items: center; min-height: 0; background: var(--white); border: 1px solid var(--line); }
.feature-image { display: block; min-height: 0; overflow: hidden; background: var(--paper); }
.feature-image img { width: 100%; height: auto; object-fit: contain; }
.feature-copy { align-self: center; padding: clamp(32px, 3.7vw, 52px); }
.feature-copy h3 { margin: 0 0 20px; color: var(--navy); font-family: var(--serif); font-size: clamp(27px, 2.3vw, 33px); line-height: 1.4; white-space: nowrap; }
.feature-copy > p:not(.eyebrow) { color: var(--muted); }
.feature-copy .text-link { margin-top: 16px; }

.site-footer { padding: 72px 0 24px; color: rgba(255,255,255,.76); background: #536878; }
.footer-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1.3fr repeat(4, minmax(130px, .65fr)); align-items: start; gap: clamp(28px, 4vw, 64px); }
.site-footer .wordmark-zh { color: #c49a4a; }
.site-footer p { margin: 7px 0 0; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.8; }
.footer-brand > p:last-child { max-width: 280px; margin-top: 20px; color: rgba(255,255,255,.66); }
.footer-column { display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: flex-start; gap: 11px; font-size: 11px; }
.footer-column .footer-label { margin: 0 0 8px; color: #fff; font-size: 11px; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: .12em; }
.footer-column span { color: rgba(255,255,255,.68); }
.footer-contact a { overflow-wrap: anywhere; color: rgba(255,255,255,.78); }
.site-footer a:hover { color: #fff; }
.footer-bottom { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; gap: 24px; margin-top: 58px; padding-top: 20px; border-top: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.22); color: rgba(255,255,255,.62); font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: .06em; }

.subpage-hero { padding: 170px 0 78px; background: var(--paper-alt); }
.subpage-hero h1 { max-width: 900px; margin: 0; color: var(--navy); font-family: var(--serif); font-size: clamp(45px, 6vw, 78px); font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.2; }
.subpage-hero p:last-child { max-width: 700px; margin-top: 22px; color: var(--muted); font-size: 17px; }
.article-list { padding: 85px 0 120px; background: var(--white); }
.blog-index { min-height: calc(100vh - 90px); padding-top: 170px; }
.blog-list-heading { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr auto; align-items: end; margin-bottom: 30px; padding-bottom: 22px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
.blog-list-heading .eyebrow { grid-column: 1 / -1; }
.blog-list-heading h2 { margin: 0; color: var(--navy); font-family: var(--serif); font-size: clamp(34px, 4vw, 48px); font-weight: 600; }
.blog-list-heading > span { color: var(--muted); font-size: 11px; letter-spacing: .1em; }
.blog-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr)); gap: 28px; }
.blog-card { position: relative; display: flex; flex-direction: column; min-height: 100%; background: var(--paper); border: 1px solid var(--line); transition: transform .25s ease, box-shadow .25s ease; }
.blog-card:hover { transform: translateY(-4px); box-shadow: 0 18px 45px rgba(37,41,50,.12); }
.blog-card-image { display: block; aspect-ratio: 4 / 3; overflow: hidden; background: var(--paper-alt); }
.blog-card-image img { width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: cover; object-position: center; transition: transform .45s ease; }
.blog-card:hover .blog-card-image img { transform: scale(1.025); }
.blog-card-body { display: flex; flex: 1; flex-direction: column; padding: 28px; }
.blog-card-meta { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; gap: 16px; color: var(--rust); font-size: 10px; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: .12em; text-transform: uppercase; }
.blog-card h2 { margin: 20px 0 14px; color: var(--navy); font-family: var(--serif); font-size: 25px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.5; }
.blog-card p { margin: 0 0 25px; color: var(--muted); font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.8; }
.blog-card .text-link { margin-top: auto; }
.article-teaser { display: grid; grid-template-columns: .92fr 1.08fr; align-items: center; gap: 58px; padding: 42px 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }
.article-teaser:last-child { border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
.article-teaser img { width: 100%; height: auto; object-fit: contain; background: var(--paper-alt); }
.article-teaser h2 { margin: 7px 0 16px; color: var(--navy); font-family: var(--serif); font-size: clamp(26px, 2.55vw, 34px); line-height: 1.38; white-space: nowrap; }
.article-teaser p { color: var(--muted); }

.article-header { padding: 170px 0 65px; background: var(--paper-alt); }
.article-header .shell { max-width: 1180px; }
.breadcrumb { margin-bottom: 42px; color: var(--muted); font-size: 12px; }
.breadcrumb a { border-bottom: 1px solid currentColor; }
.article-header h1 { margin: 0; color: var(--navy); font-family: var(--serif); font-size: clamp(38px, 4.4vw, 56px); font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.3; letter-spacing: .01em; white-space: nowrap; }
.article-deck { max-width: 760px; margin: 25px 0 0; color: var(--pine); font-family: var(--serif); font-size: 21px; }
.article-meta { margin: 26px 0 0; color: var(--muted); font-size: 11px; letter-spacing: .1em; }
.article-body { padding: 75px 0 120px; background: var(--white); }
.article-body .content { width: var(--shell); max-width: 820px; margin-inline: auto; }
.article-body p { margin: 0 0 26px; color: var(--navy); font-size: 17px; line-height: 2; }
.article-body h2 { margin: 70px 0 24px; color: var(--navy); font-family: var(--serif); font-size: 34px; line-height: 1.45; }
.article-body figure { width: min(1040px, var(--shell)); margin: 60px auto; }
.article-body figure.figure-square { width: min(780px, var(--shell)); }
.article-body figure.figure-wide { width: min(1040px, var(--shell)); }
.article-body figure img { width: 100%; height: auto; object-fit: contain; }
.article-body figcaption { margin-top: 11px; color: var(--muted); font-size: 11px; text-align: center; }
.article-body blockquote { margin: 50px 0; padding: 27px 32px; border-left: 3px solid var(--rust); background: var(--paper-alt); }
.article-body blockquote p { margin: 0; color: var(--navy); font-family: var(--serif); font-size: 26px; line-height: 1.7; }
.article-body .compact-quote { padding: 24px 27px; }
.article-body .compact-quote p { font-size: clamp(21px, 2vw, 25px); white-space: nowrap; }
.back-row { margin-top: 60px; padding-top: 28px; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }
.redirect-page { display: grid; min-height: 100vh; place-items: center; padding: 24px; background: var(--paper); text-align: center; }
.redirect-page h1 { color: var(--navy); font-family: var(--serif); font-size: 40px; }

.reveal { opacity: 0; transform: translateY(34px); transition: opacity .82s ease, transform .82s cubic-bezier(.22,1,.36,1); }
.hero-copy.reveal { transform: translateX(-26px); transition-delay: .04s; }
.hero-portrait.reveal { transform: translateX(34px); transition-delay: .16s; }
.hero-research.reveal { transform: translateY(24px); transition-delay: .22s; }
.section-heading.reveal, .prose.reveal, .international-lists.reveal { transition-delay: .08s; }
.research-card.reveal:nth-child(2), .timeline li.reveal:nth-child(2) { transition-delay: .08s; }
.research-card.reveal:nth-child(3), .timeline li.reveal:nth-child(3) { transition-delay: .16s; }
.research-card.reveal:nth-child(4), .timeline li.reveal:nth-child(4) { transition-delay: .24s; }
.reveal.is-visible { opacity: 1; transform: none; }

@media (max-width: 1120px) {
  .header-inner { margin-right: 32px; }
  .primary-nav { gap: 22px; }
  .wordmark-en { display: none; }
  .hero-stage { width: calc(100vw - 92px); grid-template-columns: 47% 53%; }
  .hero-copy { padding-left: 42px; padding-right: 20px; }
  .hero-research { margin-left: 42px; margin-right: 20px; grid-template-columns: 95px repeat(4, 1fr); }
  .hero-research a { padding-inline: 9px; }
  .hero-research strong { font-size: 13px; }
  .hero-research small { font-size: 9px; }
}

@media (max-width: 1100px) {
  :root { --shell: min(100% - 40px, 760px); }
  .site-header::before { display: none; }
  .reading-progress { left: 0; }
  .header-inner { width: var(--shell); min-height: 76px; margin-inline: auto; }
  .menu-toggle { display: block; position: relative; z-index: 102; }
  .primary-nav {
    position: fixed; inset: 0; z-index: 101; display: flex; flex-direction: column; justify-content: center;
    gap: 22px; color: #fff; background: var(--navy); font-size: 21px;
    opacity: 0; visibility: hidden; transform: translateY(-8px); transition: .22s ease;
  }
  .primary-nav.open { opacity: 1; visibility: visible; transform: none; }
  .menu-toggle[aria-expanded="true"] span:not(.sr-only) { background: #fff; }
  .menu-toggle[aria-expanded="true"] span:nth-child(2) { transform: translateY(4px) rotate(45deg); }
  .menu-toggle[aria-expanded="true"] span:nth-child(3) { transform: translateY(-4px) rotate(-45deg); }
  body.menu-open { overflow: hidden; }
  .hero-rail { display: none; }
  .hero { min-height: auto; overflow: visible; }
  .hero-stage {
    display: flex; flex-direction: column;
    width: 100%; min-height: auto; margin-left: 0; padding-top: 76px;
  }
  .hero-copy { order: 1; width: 100%; max-width: none; align-self: auto; padding: 65px 34px 45px; }
  .hero h1 { font-size: 76px; }
  .hero-role { font-size: 25px; }
  .hero-portrait { order: 2; width: 100%; height: auto; min-height: 0; margin: 0; align-self: auto; }
  .hero-portrait img { transform: none; }
  .hero-research {
    order: 3; width: calc(100% - 56px); margin: 28px 28px 36px;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  }
  .hero-research > p { grid-column: 1 / -1; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
  .hero-copy.reveal, .hero-portrait.reveal, .hero-research.reveal {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: none;
  }
  .split-layout, .about .split-layout, .international-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 50px; }
  .international .section-heading h2 { white-space: normal; }
  .education-symbol { max-width: 580px; }
  .research-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); }
  .research-card:nth-child(2) { border-right: 0; }
  .research-card:nth-child(-n+2) { border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
  .feature-card { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .feature-image { min-height: 0; }
  .blog-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); }
  .footer-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); }
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
  :root { --shell: calc(100% - 32px); }
  [id] { scroll-margin-top: 76px; }
  .site-header { min-height: 76px; }
  .wordmark-zh { font-size: 23px; }
  .hero { min-height: auto; overflow: visible; }
  .hero-stage { display: flex; flex-direction: column; padding-top: 76px; }
  .hero-copy { order: 1; padding: 58px 16px 42px; }
  .hero h1 { font-size: clamp(62px, 20vw, 78px); }
  .hero-role { margin-top: 28px; font-size: 24px; }
  .hero-lead { font-size: 15px; }
  .hero-lead span { display: inline; white-space: normal; }
  .hero-actions { align-items: flex-start; flex-direction: column; gap: 19px; }
  .hero-portrait { order: 2; width: 100%; height: min(560px, 118vw); min-height: 420px; margin: 0; }
  .hero-research {
    order: 3; width: calc(100% - 32px); margin: 28px 16px 36px;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
  }
  .hero-research > p { grid-column: 1 / 3; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
  .hero-research a { min-height: 118px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
  .section { padding: 86px 0; }
  .section-arrival { margin: -48px auto 44px; padding-block: 12px 10px; }
  .section-heading.horizontal { display: block; margin-bottom: 38px; }
  .section-heading.horizontal > p, .section-heading.horizontal > a { margin-top: 16px; }
  .about-title { font-size: 30px !important; letter-spacing: .01em !important; }
  .fact-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .research-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .research-card { min-height: auto; padding: 25px 7px 32px; border-right: 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
  .research-card:last-child { border-bottom: 0; }
  .research-icon { margin: 28px 0 18px; }
  .education-symbol { margin-top: 32px; }
  .education-symbol > i { font-size: 58px; }
  .timeline li { grid-template-columns: 72px minmax(0, 1fr); min-height: 0; }
  .timeline time { grid-column: 1 / -1; padding: 24px 0 7px; font-size: 17px; }
  .timeline-marker { grid-column: 1; grid-row: 2; min-height: 100%; margin-left: 20px; }
  .timeline-marker i { top: 22px; left: -20px; width: 40px; height: 40px; font-size: 20px; }
  .timeline-story { grid-column: 2; grid-row: 2; margin: 8px 0 24px; padding: 22px 20px; }
  .timeline-story > span { font-size: 15px; }
  .timeline h3 { font-size: 16px; }
  .international-lists { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .statement { padding: 90px 0; }
  .statement blockquote span { display: inline; }
  .feature-image { min-height: 0; }
  .feature-copy { padding: 30px 22px 34px; }
  .feature-copy h3, .article-teaser h2 { white-space: normal; }
  .footer-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; align-items: start; gap: 26px; }
  .footer-bottom { align-items: flex-start; flex-direction: column; margin-top: 40px; }
  .article-teaser { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 23px; }
  .blog-index { padding-top: 130px; }
  .blog-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .blog-list-heading { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 8px; }
  .blog-card-body { padding: 24px; }
  .article-header, .subpage-hero { padding-top: 120px; }
  .article-header h1 { font-size: clamp(34px, 10.5vw, 46px); white-space: normal; }
  .article-body { padding-top: 52px; }
  .article-body p { font-size: 16px; }
  .article-body h2 { font-size: 28px; }
  .article-body blockquote { padding: 22px; }
  .article-body blockquote p { font-size: 22px; }
  .article-body .compact-quote p { font-size: 20px; white-space: normal; }
}

/* Editorial homepage composition based on the selected layout reference. */
.layout-reference-v2 {
  --accent-gold: #b88f45;
}
.layout-reference-v2 .site-header {
  background: rgba(255,255,255,.96);
}
.layout-reference-v2 .primary-nav a::after {
  background: var(--accent-gold);
}
.layout-reference-v2 .button-primary {
  background: var(--navy-deep);
  box-shadow: inset 0 -3px 0 var(--accent-gold);
}
.layout-reference-v2 .button-primary:hover {
  background: var(--navy);
}
.layout-reference-v2 .hero-research .card-arrow {
  margin: auto 0 0 auto;
  color: var(--accent-gold);
  font-size: 21px;
}

@media (min-width: 1101px) {
  .layout-reference-v2 {
    --reference-header-height: clamp(76px, 5.5vw, 92px);
  }
  .layout-reference-v2 .site-header {
    left: 98px;
    min-height: var(--reference-header-height);
  }
  .layout-reference-v2 .site-header::before {
    display: none;
  }
  .layout-reference-v2 .header-inner {
    min-height: var(--reference-header-height);
    margin: 0 clamp(44px, 5.6vw, 94px) 0 64px;
  }
  .layout-reference-v2 .reading-progress {
    left: 0;
  }
  .layout-reference-v2 .wordmark {
    gap: 24px;
  }
  .layout-reference-v2 .wordmark-zh {
    color: var(--navy-deep);
    font-size: 29px;
    letter-spacing: .18em;
  }
  .layout-reference-v2 .wordmark-en {
    display: block;
    color: var(--muted);
    font-size: 10px;
    letter-spacing: .13em;
  }
  .layout-reference-v2 .primary-nav {
    gap: clamp(34px, 3.4vw, 58px);
  }
  .layout-reference-v2 .primary-nav a {
    padding: 28px 0 24px;
  }
  .layout-reference-v2 .primary-nav a::after {
    bottom: 13px;
    height: 1px;
  }
  .layout-reference-v2 .primary-nav a:first-child::after {
    right: 0;
  }
  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-rail {
    width: 98px;
    padding: 166px 0 28px;
    background: linear-gradient(180deg, #31495c 0%, var(--navy-deep) 100%);
  }
  .layout-reference-v2 .rail-brand {
    position: absolute;
    inset: 20px 0 auto;
    min-height: 104px;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: flex-start;
    color: #fff;
    line-height: 1.25;
  }
  .layout-reference-v2 .rail-brand span {
    color: var(--accent-gold);
    font-family: Georgia, serif;
    font-size: 36px;
    font-weight: 400;
    letter-spacing: -.08em;
  }
  .layout-reference-v2 .rail-brand small {
    margin-top: 10px;
    font-size: 7px;
    font-weight: 600;
    letter-spacing: .18em;
    text-align: center;
  }
  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-rail a:not(.rail-brand) {
    min-height: 62px;
    color: rgba(255,255,255,.82);
  }
  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-rail .active {
    color: var(--accent-gold);
  }
  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-rail .active::after,
  .layout-reference-v2 .rail-line span {
    background: var(--accent-gold);
  }
  .layout-reference-v2 .rail-line {
    height: 132px;
  }
  .layout-reference-v2 .hero {
    min-height: 100vh;
    background: #fff;
  }
  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-stage {
    width: calc(100vw - 98px);
    height: 100vh;
    min-height: 720px;
    margin-left: 98px;
    padding-top: var(--reference-header-height);
    grid-template-columns: 52% 48%;
    grid-template-rows: minmax(0, 71fr) minmax(0, 29fr);
  }
  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-copy {
    align-self: center;
    max-width: 720px;
    padding: 52px 40px 48px clamp(70px, 6vw, 112px);
  }
  .layout-reference-v2 .hero h1 {
    color: var(--navy-deep);
    font-size: clamp(82px, 6.2vw, 108px);
    font-weight: 600;
    letter-spacing: .08em;
  }
  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-role {
    max-width: 480px;
    margin-top: 24px;
    padding-bottom: 17px;
    border-color: rgba(184,143,69,.76);
    font-size: clamp(27px, 2.35vw, 36px);
    line-height: 1.58;
  }
  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-role-en {
    margin-top: 17px;
    color: var(--accent-gold);
    font-size: 14px;
    line-height: 1.55;
  }
  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-lead {
    max-width: 560px;
    margin-top: 24px;
    color: var(--navy);
    font-size: 14px;
    line-height: 1.9;
  }
  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-actions {
    margin-top: 25px;
  }
  .layout-reference-v2 .button {
    min-width: 238px;
    min-height: 61px;
    font-size: 15px;
  }
  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-portrait {
    grid-column: 2;
    grid-row: 1;
    height: 100%;
    align-self: stretch;
  }
  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-portrait::before {
    background: linear-gradient(90deg, #e7e9ee 0%, #657a6e 44%, #8d7fa8 72%, #252932 100%);
    opacity: .6;
  }
  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-portrait img {
    width: auto;
    height: max(100%, 650px);
    align-self: flex-start;
    transform: translateX(-6vw);
    filter: drop-shadow(-18px 18px 28px rgba(37,41,50,.13));
  }
  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-research {
    grid-column: 1 / 3;
    grid-row: 2;
    margin: 0;
    grid-template-columns: 270px repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr));
    background: rgba(255,255,255,.98);
    border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
  }
  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-research > p {
    padding: 44px 28px 34px clamp(70px, 6vw, 112px);
    color: var(--accent-gold);
    font-family: var(--serif);
    font-size: 15px;
    letter-spacing: .08em;
  }
  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-research a {
    min-height: 0;
    padding: 31px 26px 24px;
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 68px minmax(0, 1fr);
    grid-template-rows: auto auto minmax(18px, 1fr);
    align-content: center;
    align-items: center;
    column-gap: 16px;
    row-gap: 4px;
    color: var(--navy);
    background: #fff;
    border-left: 1px solid var(--line);
  }
  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-research a:hover {
    background: var(--paper-alt);
  }
  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-research a > i:not(.card-arrow) {
    grid-column: 1;
    grid-row: 1 / 3;
    width: 60px;
    height: 60px;
    margin: 0;
    display: grid;
    place-items: center;
    border: 1px solid var(--line);
    border-radius: 50%;
    color: var(--navy);
    font-size: 31px;
  }
  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-research strong {
    grid-column: 2;
    grid-row: 1;
    color: var(--navy-deep);
    font-size: 18px;
  }
  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-research small {
    grid-column: 2;
    grid-row: 2;
    color: var(--muted);
    font-size: 9px;
  }
  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-research .card-arrow {
    grid-column: 2;
    grid-row: 3;
    align-self: end;
    justify-self: end;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 1100px) {
  .layout-reference-v2 .site-header {
    left: 0;
  }
  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-research .card-arrow {
    display: none;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .layout-reference-v2 .site-header {
    background: rgba(255,255,255,.96);
  }
  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-copy {
    background: #fff;
  }
  .layout-reference-v2 .hero h1 {
    color: var(--navy-deep);
    font-size: clamp(64px, 19vw, 76px);
  }
  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-role-en {
    color: var(--accent-gold);
  }
  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-portrait::before {
    background: linear-gradient(90deg, #e7e9ee 0%, #657a6e 45%, #8d7fa8 75%, #252932 100%);
    opacity: .6;
  }
  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-research {
    background: #fff;
  }
  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-research a {
    background: #fff;
  }
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  html { scroll-behavior: auto; }
  *, *::before, *::after { scroll-behavior: auto !important; transition-duration: .01ms !important; animation-duration: .01ms !important; }
  .reveal { opacity: 1; transform: none; }
  .section-arrival { opacity: 1; transform: none; }
}

/* Editorial reference fidelity pass — homepage */
.layout-reference-v2 {
  --reference-navy: #213a4d;
  --reference-navy-deep: #172d3f;
  --accent-gold: #c49a4a;
}

@media (min-width: 1101px) {
  .layout-reference-v2 .site-header {
    box-shadow: 0 1px 0 rgba(37, 41, 50, .08);
  }

  .layout-reference-v2 .header-inner {
    margin-right: clamp(52px, 6vw, 104px);
    margin-left: 64px;
  }

  .layout-reference-v2 .wordmark-zh {
    color: var(--reference-navy);
    font-size: clamp(27px, 1.8vw, 30px);
    letter-spacing: .12em;
  }

  .layout-reference-v2 .wordmark-en {
    color: #526975;
    font-size: 10px;
    font-weight: 600;
    letter-spacing: .12em;
  }

  .layout-reference-v2 .primary-nav {
    color: var(--reference-navy-deep);
    font-size: 14px;
  }

  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-rail {
    padding-top: 166px;
    background: linear-gradient(180deg, #29465b 0%, var(--reference-navy-deep) 100%);
  }

  .layout-reference-v2 .rail-brand {
    inset: 27px 0 auto;
    min-height: 62px;
    justify-content: center;
  }

  .layout-reference-v2 .rail-brand small {
    margin-top: 0;
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, .95);
    font-size: 7px;
    line-height: 1.55;
    letter-spacing: .2em;
  }

  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-stage {
    grid-template-columns: 56.25% 43.75%;
    grid-template-rows: minmax(0, 1fr) clamp(220px, 26vh, 246px);
  }

  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-copy {
    position: relative;
    top: 10px;
    max-width: 650px;
    padding: 34px 40px 36px clamp(70px, 5vw, 110px);
  }

  .layout-reference-v2 .hero h1 {
    display: inline-block;
    color: var(--reference-navy);
    font-size: clamp(86px, 6.3vw, 106px);
    line-height: 1.08;
    letter-spacing: .13em;
    transform: none;
  }

  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-role {
    max-width: 450px;
    margin-top: 20px;
    padding-bottom: 15px;
    color: var(--navy-deep);
    font-size: clamp(31px, 2.45vw, 41px);
    line-height: 1.55;
    letter-spacing: .12em;
  }

  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-role-en {
    margin-top: 15px;
    font-size: 15px;
    white-space: nowrap;
  }

  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-lead {
    margin-top: 23px;
    font-size: 15px;
    line-height: 1.85;
  }

  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-actions {
    margin-top: 30px;
  }

  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-portrait {
    background: #aeb6bc;
  }

  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-copy.reveal,
  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-portrait.reveal,
  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-research.reveal {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: none;
  }

  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-portrait::before {
    background: url("../images/hero-background-reference-crop.png") center center / cover no-repeat;
    opacity: 1;
  }

  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-portrait::after {
    content: "";
    position: absolute;
    z-index: 0;
    inset: 0;
    background: linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(231, 233, 238, .06) 0%, rgba(83, 104, 120, .02) 44%, rgba(37, 41, 50, .05) 100%);
    pointer-events: none;
  }

  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-portrait img {
    display: none;
  }

  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-portrait figcaption {
    position: absolute;
    z-index: 3;
    right: 20px;
    bottom: 18px;
    min-width: 296px;
    min-height: 80px;
    padding: 14px 18px 13px;
    display: grid;
    gap: 2px;
    color: #fff;
    background: rgba(23, 45, 63, .88);
    border-left: 3px solid var(--accent-gold);
    backdrop-filter: blur(8px);
  }

  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-portrait figcaption strong {
    font-family: var(--serif);
    font-size: 15px;
    font-weight: 500;
    letter-spacing: .08em;
  }

  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-portrait figcaption span {
    font-size: 11px;
    letter-spacing: .12em;
  }

  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-research > p {
    padding-top: 55px;
    color: var(--accent-gold);
  }

  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-research {
    padding-right: clamp(30px, 3.7vw, 62px);
  }

  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-research a {
    grid-template-columns: 84px minmax(0, 1fr);
    margin-block: 41px 18px;
    padding: 31px 27px 12px;
    column-gap: 18px;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  }

  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-research .hero-card-icon {
    position: relative;
    grid-column: 1;
    grid-row: 1 / 3;
    width: 72px;
    height: 72px;
    display: grid;
    place-items: center;
    color: var(--reference-navy);
    border: 1px solid rgba(33, 58, 77, .2);
    border-radius: 50%;
  }

  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-research .hero-card-icon > i {
    margin: 0;
    color: var(--reference-navy);
    font-size: 39px;
  }

  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-research .hero-card-icon > .icon-accent {
    position: absolute;
    right: -5px;
    bottom: 4px;
    padding: 2px;
    color: var(--accent-gold);
    background: #fff;
    font-size: 22px;
  }

  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-research strong {
    color: var(--reference-navy);
    font-size: clamp(18px, 1.25vw, 21px);
    letter-spacing: .04em;
  }

  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-research small {
    color: #526975;
    font-size: 11px;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-portrait {
    background: #aeb6bc;
  }

  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-portrait::before {
    background: url("../images/hero-environment-background.png") 58% center / cover no-repeat;
    opacity: 1;
  }

  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-portrait img {
    width: min(96%, 520px);
    height: 100%;
    margin-inline: auto;
    object-position: 50% 100%;
    transform: translateX(-3%);
    filter: drop-shadow(-10px 12px 18px rgba(23, 45, 63, .16));
  }

  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-portrait figcaption {
    display: none;
  }

  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-research a > i:not(.card-arrow) {
    font-size: 34px;
  }

  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-research strong {
    font-size: 15px;
  }

  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-copy.reveal,
  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-portrait.reveal,
  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-research.reveal {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: none;
  }
}

.layout-reference-v2 .site-footer .wordmark-zh {
  color: var(--accent-gold);
}

/* Round 14: use the verified folder portrait and match the selected reference strip. */
.layout-reference-v2 .site-footer {
  background: #172d3f;
}

@media (min-width: 1101px) {
  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-stage {
    grid-template-rows: minmax(0, 1fr) 242px;
  }

  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-portrait {
    background: #aeb6bc;
  }

  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-portrait::before {
    background: url("../images/hero-environment-background.png") center center / cover no-repeat;
    opacity: 1;
  }

  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-portrait::after {
    background: linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(231, 233, 238, .16) 0%, rgba(83, 104, 120, .04) 52%, rgba(37, 41, 50, .08) 100%);
  }

  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-portrait img {
    z-index: 1;
    width: auto;
    height: 104%;
    max-height: none;
    display: block;
    align-self: flex-end;
    object-fit: contain;
    object-position: 50% 100%;
    transform: translateX(-4%);
    filter: contrast(1.035) saturate(1.025) drop-shadow(-15px 17px 24px rgba(23, 45, 63, .16));
  }

  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-portrait figcaption {
    right: 22px;
    bottom: 20px;
    min-width: 270px;
    min-height: 0;
  }

  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-research {
    height: 242px;
    padding-right: clamp(30px, 3.7vw, 62px);
    grid-template-columns: 270px repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr));
    align-items: stretch;
  }

  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-research > p {
    padding: 48px 28px 30px clamp(70px, 6vw, 112px);
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 24px;
    color: var(--accent-gold);
    font-family: var(--serif);
    letter-spacing: .08em;
  }

  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-research .focus-title {
    font-size: 15px;
    font-weight: 600;
  }

  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-research .focus-description {
    color: #526975;
    font-family: var(--sans);
    font-size: 11px;
    font-weight: 400;
    line-height: 1.85;
    letter-spacing: .02em;
  }

  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-research a {
    min-height: 0;
    margin-block: 34px 25px;
    padding: 30px 26px 20px;
    grid-template-columns: 78px minmax(0, 1fr);
    grid-template-rows: auto auto minmax(20px, 1fr);
    align-content: center;
    column-gap: 16px;
    row-gap: 4px;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  }

  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-research a:last-child {
    border-right: 1px solid var(--line);
  }

  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-research .hero-card-icon {
    width: 68px;
    height: 68px;
  }

  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-research .hero-card-icon > i {
    font-size: 36px;
  }

  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-research .hero-card-icon > .icon-accent {
    font-size: 20px;
  }

  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-research strong {
    font-size: clamp(18px, 1.18vw, 20px);
  }

  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-research small {
    font-size: 9px;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-research > p {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 8px;
  }

  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-research .focus-title {
    color: var(--accent-gold);
    font-family: var(--serif);
    font-size: 15px;
    font-weight: 600;
  }

  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-research .focus-description {
    color: #526975;
    font-size: 11px;
    line-height: 1.7;
  }
}

/* Round 15: annotated hero frame and compact focus-row reference. */
@media (min-width: 1101px) {
  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-stage {
    position: relative;
  }

  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-copy {
    position: relative;
    z-index: 3;
  }

  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-portrait {
    position: absolute;
    z-index: 1;
    grid-column: auto;
    grid-row: auto;
    top: var(--reference-header-height);
    right: 0;
    bottom: 242px;
    left: 25.8%;
    width: auto;
    height: auto;
    align-items: flex-end;
    justify-content: center;
    background: transparent;
  }

  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-portrait::before {
    background: url("../images/hero-environment-background.png") center center / cover no-repeat;
    opacity: .68;
    -webkit-mask-image: linear-gradient(90deg, transparent 0%, rgba(0, 0, 0, .08) 18%, rgba(0, 0, 0, .34) 45%, rgba(0, 0, 0, .72) 72%, #000 100%);
    mask-image: linear-gradient(90deg, transparent 0%, rgba(0, 0, 0, .08) 18%, rgba(0, 0, 0, .34) 45%, rgba(0, 0, 0, .72) 72%, #000 100%);
  }

  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-portrait::after {
    background: linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(83, 104, 120, 0) 0%, rgba(83, 104, 120, .025) 42%, rgba(37, 41, 50, .2) 100%);
  }

  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-portrait img {
    height: 104%;
    margin-inline: auto;
    transform: none;
  }

  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-research {
    z-index: 4;
    padding-right: clamp(30px, 2.4vw, 62px);
    grid-template-columns: 15.55% repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr));
  }

  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-research > p {
    padding: 14px 26px 28px clamp(70px, 4.4vw, 112px);
    gap: 25px;
    justify-content: flex-start;
  }

  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-research .focus-title {
    font-size: 16px;
  }

  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-research .focus-description {
    font-size: 10px;
    line-height: 1.8;
  }

  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-research a {
    margin-block: 8px 27px;
    padding: 23px 20px 16px;
    grid-template-columns: 86px minmax(0, 1fr);
    grid-template-rows: auto auto minmax(22px, 1fr);
    align-content: center;
    column-gap: 14px;
    row-gap: 5px;
  }

  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-research .hero-card-icon {
    width: 76px;
    height: 76px;
  }

  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-research .hero-card-icon > i {
    font-size: 40px;
  }

  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-research .hero-card-icon > .icon-accent {
    right: -5px;
    bottom: 5px;
    font-size: 21px;
  }

  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-research strong {
    font-size: 21px;
    line-height: 1.35;
  }

  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-research small {
    font-size: 10px;
    line-height: 1.5;
  }
}

/* Use the supplied finished homepage image as one complete visual. */
@media (min-width: 1101px) {
  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-copy {
    position: relative;
    z-index: 3;
  }

  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-portrait {
    position: absolute;
    z-index: 1;
    top: var(--reference-header-height);
    right: 0;
    bottom: 242px;
    left: 0;
    width: auto;
    height: auto;
    align-items: stretch;
    justify-content: stretch;
    overflow: hidden;
    background: #fff;
  }

  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-portrait::before,
  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-portrait::after {
    display: none;
  }

  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-portrait img {
    position: absolute;
    inset: 0;
    z-index: 0;
    display: block;
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    max-width: none;
    max-height: none;
    object-fit: cover;
    object-position: center top;
    transform: none !important;
    filter: none;
  }

  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-portrait figcaption {
    z-index: 3;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 1100px) {
  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-portrait {
    width: 100%;
    height: auto;
    min-height: 0;
    aspect-ratio: 2483 / 920;
    overflow: hidden;
    background: #fff;
  }

  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-portrait::before,
  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-portrait::after {
    display: none;
  }

  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-portrait img {
    position: absolute;
    inset: 0;
    display: block;
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    max-width: none;
    max-height: none;
    object-fit: contain;
    object-position: center top;
    transform: none !important;
    filter: none;
  }
}

/* Responsive hardening: keep fixed desktop rail clear of page content. */
@media (min-width: 1101px) {
  .layout-reference-v2 main > .section,
  .layout-reference-v2 main > .statement,
  .layout-reference-v2 .site-footer {
    padding-left: 98px;
  }
}

/* Mobile hero framing and focus-card breathing room. */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-portrait {
    order: 1;
    height: clamp(320px, 98vw, 420px);
    aspect-ratio: auto;
  }

  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-portrait img {
    object-fit: cover;
    object-position: 68% center;
  }

  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-copy {
    order: 2;
    z-index: 2;
    margin-top: -122px;
    padding: 36px 24px 44px;
    background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) 0, rgba(255, 255, 255, .86) 54px, #fff 122px);
  }

  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-research {
    order: 3;
  }

  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-research > p {
    padding: 30px 24px 26px;
  }

  .layout-reference-v2 .hero-research a {
    padding: 30px 24px 26px;
  }
}